Editor | Can Ya Wen ShiPicture and Text | Can Ya Wen ShiPreface:On October 31st, the Shenzhou 16 manned spacecraft successfully arrived in Beijing, butThe burnt black return capsuleBut it has attracted huge controversy from netizens.What's even more strange is that recentlyThe return capsule salvaged from the water in India was actually intact,There is no sign of being burnt at all

Editor | Can Ya Wen Shi

Picture and Text | Can Ya Wen Shi

Preface:

On October 31st, the Shenzhou 16 manned spacecraft successfully arrived in Beijing, butThe burnt black return capsuleBut it has attracted huge controversy from netizens.

What's even more strange is that recentlyThe return capsule salvaged from the water in India was actually intact,There is no sign of being burnt at all.

This huge difference has raised questions from some netizens,Can't our return module technology compare to IndiaThe truth of the matter depends on what the spacecraft has experienced in space.

What is the difference in the return capsule between China and India?

Currently, only a few countries in the world have mastered the core technologies of manned spaceflight and deep space exploration. The United States and Russia have accumulated rich experience in this field, but China has also made significant progress through independent innovation.

In recent years, India has also eagerly joined the ranks of lunar exploration.

During the process of executing missions and safely returning to Earth, spacecraft from different countries may experience some differences on the surface of their return modules, mainly due to their differences in design concepts, high-temperature resistant materials, and other aspects.

Taking China and India as examples, there is a significant difference in surface color between the return cabins of the two after returning to Earth. The former has a severely blackened surface, while the latter appears as new.

So why is there such a huge difference?The causes of this are very complex and require us to compare and analyze from multiple aspects.

The most important thing is that there is a difference in the speed at which the two enter the atmosphere. According to literature records, China's Shenzhou spacecraft can reach a speed of about 11 kilometers per second, making it a typical "fast entry" scheme with severe friction with the air and extremely high temperatures.

The speed of Indian detectors is relatively slow, and the thermal environment is relatively mild. The collision and friction with air molecules during high-speed motion are important factors in increasing heat.

Furthermore, different high-temperature resistant materials can also lead to different surface conditions. The insulation materials used in China's Shenzhou spacecraft belong to the endothermic type, which can remove a large amount of heat through oxidation and detachment, but the surface will turn black.

India may have used heat transfer type metal materials that are not easily oxidized and detached. Various materials have different insulation mechanisms, but they can all play a role in protecting the cabin.

In addition, the trajectory during flight also has a certain impact on temperature. Although we are not sure about the flight situation of the Indian probe, we cannot rule out that it has adopted a more gentle return method, reducing the harshness of the thermal environment.

The return trajectory of China's Shenzhou spacecraft is steep, which is more conducive to quickly eliminating speed, but also leads to strong air friction.

Another point is that the structural design of spacecraft compartments also affects heat distribution and radiation conditions. In addition, there are differences in flight altitude choices among different countries when testing return flight technology, which can lead to different actual bearing environments.

From this, it can be seen that there are many factors that lead to different degrees of blackening on the surface of the return capsules of the two countries' spacecraft.

Although the surface appearance is different, its core purpose is to isolate heat and ensure the safety of equipment and passengers inside the cabin. This indirectly reflects the unique design concepts and material technology ideas of various countries in the aerospace field.

So what are the differences in space technology between India and China?

Comparison of Space Technology Development between China and India

China's aerospace industry started in the 1950s and went through a process of growing from scratch. In 1956, China established the Fifth Research Institute, which began conducting research on rocket technology.

Until 1992, China successfully sent its first artificial satellite back to Earth into space, which declared that we had mastered the technology of astronaut return. After the unremitting work of scientists, the Shenzhou-5 successfully completed its mission to heaven in 2003.

This huge breakthrough has made China the third country in the world to have the ability to send astronauts into space. Every Chinese person is proud of this.

In 2020, Chang'e-5 achieved lunar sampling and return. China has made significant progress in manned spaceflight, space experiments, space station construction, and deep space exploration, and its space technology has reached the world's advanced level. These achievements are the result of China's independent innovation and continuous climb.

However, India's space program clearly started later than China's. In the 1960s, India established the Indian Space Research Organization and began researching rocket technology.

It was not until 2014 that India's lunar orbit mission was successful. Despite certain achievements, there is still a gap between India's space technology and China's, and India's space program is still in an experimental stage.

In 2018, India announced the implementation of its first manned space programJiaganyang,It is expected to make its first flight in 2024. The plan invests up to 90 billion rupees with the goal of entering low Earth orbit.

But India still needs to rely on technical support from countries such as Russia. Recently, India conducted spacecraft return capsule tests, but did not enter the space environment.

It is evident that India's human space program is still in its early stages. Despite India's ambition, strong growth still needs to continue. Overall, compared to India, China has obvious advantages in space science and technology.

The development of China and India's aerospace industry clearly shows that China is in a leading position, with obvious advantages in independent innovation and technological accumulation. This is the result of the continuous efforts of Chinese scientific and technological personnel.

Conclusion:

The progress of manned space programs in various countries is worthy of recognition. However, the development of aerospace technology is full of uncertainties, and we still need to continuously explore. The path of space exploration is long and winding, and every country should uphold an open and cooperative attitude to jointly promote the progress of human civilization.

We look forward to the day when astronauts from different countries can join hands and usher in a new era of human space exploration.

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