How is the preparation for manned lunar landing progressing? What are the selection criteria? Yang Liwei revealed these

During the 21 hours and 23 minutes of the Shenzhou-5 flight, Yang Liwei said he only slept for half an hour because time was too precious, and all his experiences and feelings became the first-hand experience that Chinese astronauts had gained in space for the first time. After the successful completion of the Shenzhou-5 mission, especially in the past decade, China's manned space development has also entered a fast lane

During the 21 hours and 23 minutes of the Shenzhou-5 flight, Yang Liwei said he only slept for half an hour because time was too precious, and all his experiences and feelings became the first-hand experience that Chinese astronauts had gained in space for the first time. After the successful completion of the Shenzhou-5 mission, especially in the past decade, China's manned space development has also entered a fast lane. Now, for astronauts, both the living conditions in the sky and the training methods on the ground have undergone significant changes. What have been the changes? Come and see the interview.

CCTV reporter Lao Chunyan: I remember you wrote in your own book that you even spent over 10000 yuan to buy a camera.

Yang Liwei, Deputy Chief Designer of China's Manned Space Engineering: Because at that time, in the years before we came to study, we didn't have simulators. Unlike now, when you see our background, it's all one-on-one simulators on the space station, where you can learn one-on-one. It was less than a year after entering the mission that we developed the simulator. Everyone is lining up to learn and train inside. At that time, I bought a camera and created the videos and photos here, then I used them to create them on my computer.

Yang Liwei: This is a simulation site on our space station, mainly for conducting experiments. Before our mission, the astronauts worked here for a month, simulating everything from eating, drinking, and sleeping.

Lao Chunyan: Besides not being weightless.

Yang Liwei: Yes, it's the same here as in space. This side is inside the space station.

Lao Chunyan: This is the bedroom.

Yang Liwei: Yes, our bedroom. You can see some different cabinets and some dining areas.

Lao Chunyan: That's the cargo bag, right.

Yang Liwei: Yes, they are all cargo bags.

Yang Liwei: If we go further that way, we will continue with Tianzhou. There are many handles here, all for the convenience of astronauts working inside and controlling their body and posture.

Yang Liwei: This is their private space, with a hanging window that looks out.

Lao Chunyan: The conditions of the space station are really good now.

Yang Liwei: Our entire space is about 50 cubic meters, but when I flew, it was only 6 cubic meters.

Lao Chunyan: This is a bellows. Every time astronauts go on a mission, they need to carry one.

Yang Liwei: It's for ventilation. He used this when we were on the expedition to prevent astronauts from wearing it too hot inside. After turning on the ventilation, there will be a circulation here and it will not be hot.

Yang Liwei: Our Feitian spacesuit is much more complex than this. It is a small spacecraft that condenses it onto clothing, with heat resistance, flame retardancy, and radiation resistance. There are many, many different types of airtightness, consisting of many layers.

Yang Liwei: The entire garment weighs over 120 kilograms. This clothing has also made many improvements compared to the time when we first flew Shenzhou 7. At that time, it worked for about four to six hours when exposed off site, but now we have to work for more than eight hours.

Yang Liwei: This is a stool collection device, and this is a urine collection device. In weightlessness, he needs to fix his legs or float away, carrying a set of deodorizing devices behind him.

Yang Liwei: He is closely connected to the urine treatment subsystem, including the urine tank and urine tank, which require distillation. Through this set of equipment, after further processing, it can be reused.

Lao Chunyan: This urine is also useful.

Yang Liwei: The recycling rate is very high now, reaching over 85%. After treatment, we can drink it. We now have an environmental control and life assurance system, which we call regenerative. When I was flying, we called it portable, and everything was carried with us.

Lao Chunyan: This can reduce the upward pressure, one gram of gold.

Lao Chunyan: What are the changes in the training methods compared to those prepared by Shenzhou V?

Yang Liwei: This change is too significant. One is more scientific, and the other is more projects. Early flights were short term and each mission was groundbreaking. Now, flying for six months or even a year in the future may require different requirements, which brings many characteristics to our training. Now it is more scientific and targeted.

Yang Liwei: The key is that we have more means now, including our facilities and equipment. When the first batch arrived, we went for skydiving training, but now we don't need it anymore when we reach the second and third batches. For example, when we exit the cabin, we can simulate weightlessness in the sink.

Lao Chunyan: You are currently the Deputy Chief Designer of Manned Space Engineering, but you are also an astronaut. Are you still continuing your training?

Yang Liwei: Yes, we are still participating in the basic training for astronauts.

Yang Liwei: Every year, we evaluate astronauts. Our first batch of astronauts, because they are relatively old, all training needs to be done the same. Including rotary chairs, centrifuges, and current centrifuges, we are still working on 8 Gs, and we have all reached excellent levels. My centrifuge has basically never ranked in the top three, and the rotating chair is even stronger.

Lao Chunyan: In current terms, it is very "curly".

Yang Liwei: If you want to do better than others here, then you need to put in effort. The best quality of an astronaut is perseverance.

Do you have any regrets in your heart?

Yang Liwei: Of course there will be regrets. Seeing some of us in the same batch, the first batch of astronauts flew two times, three times, and four times, many of which actually had an impact.

Lao Chunyan: You envy them very much.

Yang Liwei: Of course.

Lao Chunyan: What do you think of mission, responsibility, and sacrifice?

Yang Liwei: The national interest is above all else. Even if you sacrifice your life for her, it is worth it. When the Shenzhou-1 spacecraft was launched, the astronauts were chatting together and talking about 50% safety assurance. How dare they go up? We dare to go up with 50%. Actually, our projects are all around 99%.

Behind bravery lies responsibility.

Yang Liwei: The interests of the motherland are above all else, which is a sentence that may have been embedded in everyone's hearts since we established the brigade.

Yang Liwei: It has been 20 years now, and what has changed and remained unchanged may be the development of many of our projects. For astronauts, what remains unchanged is truly their original intention. As an astronaut, just now you were asking why they are still participating in training. In fact, as an astronaut, their original intention is like this.

Space exploration is an eternal expedition on the road. The three-step strategy of manned spaceflight has been completed, and while China's space station has fully entered the stage of application and development, Chinese astronauts are also preparing for a new journey towards deep space.

Lao Chunyan: The next step is to launch a manned lunar landing.

Yang Liwei: For the direct lunar landing mission, we have not yet entered. We have already done some preliminary work, such as the astronauts who landed on the moon must have experienced the flight of our space station. We hope that they have flight experience and experience. For the fourth batch of astronaut selection, his knowledge structure, including some training projects, will be considered in our future lunar landing.

Yang Liwei: The second one is from the training program. Now when we fly, we enter the space station completely in a microgravity environment. In the future, for example, when it comes to the moon, there will still be 1/6 gravity, which requires human coordination and maneuverability, as lunar rover operations will also be carried out in space.

Lao Chunyan: The astronaut system is now preparing for a manned lunar landing.

Yang Liwei: That's right, because the preliminary work must be done, and our training facility must be started now because it must have a development process. Many training programs for astronauts, including some outlines, including what needs to be done, are now in the development stage of clothing.

Lao Chunyan: What special requirements and standards will we have when selecting a manned lunar crew?

Yang Liwei: You must have rich flight experience or experience. The second thing is to have better psychological qualities, perhaps better than when we fly the space station, after all, we have flown even further.

Lao Chunyan: From the space station to landing on the moon, we will go further to planets in the future. Are we preparing for this?

Yang Liwei: Actually, we are currently doing lunar landing, but lunar landing is definitely not the ultimate goal. In the future, there may be more profound space exploration, which is also our goal to engage in manned spaceflight and use this resource to serve humanity.

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